Venus

Venus | ![]() |
Venus | Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodite) | शुक्र (Shukra) | ancient | Goddess of romance and lust; Venus means “love” and/or “sexual desire.”[7] | The mentor of Asuras. Associated with fertility, beauty, and enthusiasm. Always helped demons in the war against gods; Shukra means “clear, pure, brightness, or clearness.” |
Venus[edit]



Love, balance, marriage, romance, money, beauty, inspiration, gratitude, touch, look Day: Friday Colors: Green, Pink The dominance of the feminine is expressed best through Venus, the ruler of Taurus and Libra, connected to all matter and our home planet. It represents our ability to love, find beauty in all things in life, and enjoy our physical existence while creating a fine balance in relationships with other people. Its key ability is to create beauty and show us where to look for it, and when in connection to maleficent forces, it will speak of a tendency to find beauty in hardship and experiences that most people would recognize as negative. It is the planet of pleasure, physical and emotional, and has little to do with reason and common sense, especially when it is exalted and set in the sign of Pisces – the sign of Mercury’s fall.
Planet Venus
Venus is the warmest planet in the Solar system, even though it is not closest to the Sun, because of its very thick atmosphere that creates an extreme greenhouse effect. It is home for more volcanoes than any other planet, which brings it in an incredible connection to the astrological symbolism of Pluto. Due to its proximity to Earth, it is seen as the brightest of the planets in the sky, and to add to that, it is the only planet named after a female figure. This puts a strong accent on its female role, and other than our reflective satellite – the Moon, we will see how rare are the celestial bodies in our charts that can be linked to our feminine side. Venus is a lady among planets, turning in the opposite direction than most of them, and fogged by thick clouds that don’t allow its surface to recognize anything beyond it.Venus in Astrology
Just like the planet itself would lead you to believe, its warmth and atmosphere will preoccupy you and make you feel hazed, in love, drunk on emotion, or dependent on food, people, and all sorts of numbing, relaxing, or even hallucinogenic substances. If we jump far out of balance, suffering from mood swings and changes of heart, although this is mostly attributed to the Moon, you can be sure it is the matter of Venus too. Its main role is to balance our entire existence, while leading our body to a balanced hormonal status and helping us sense what we need to consume in order to stay beautiful and healthy. Venus rules both Taurus and Libra, two signs that have difficulty accepting each other, one being practical and physical to the core, and the other turned to expressive beauty, reflection in other people, and everything we want to be seen. The main conflict of use and practicality with pose and outer beauty is hidden in Venus, and we should always ask ourselves if there is a side to it we lack in order to balance its inner natures. Venus is the goddess of love and romance, both sensual physical love, and platonic, unreachable ideal of it. It is a sleeping beauty as much as it is a prostitute, and she is the one to realize that morals and obligation have nothing to do with love, passion, or creation.Manifestations
While the greatest manifestation of Venus is shown on an emotional level, it will also speak of our self-worth, money, banks, jewelry and sweets. Taurus Venus will speak of pasta while Libra Venus will speak of chocolate, and when combined, we get pleasures of all kinds, to taste, feel, and sense with our entire body and soul. It is a planet of senses – touch, taste and smell primarily, and it will bring out the love for certain things in our lives. The setting of Venus in sign and house will speak of things that inspire and move us, as well as those we feel and relate to through love and devotion. Venus is our ability to love, feel and move with ease and flexibility, and our ability to earn, make money, valuing our own personalities and personalities of other people. When challenged, it will turn us into critics, towards others and ourselves, and make us unsatisfied and unthankful when we should be embracing life with all of the gifts it has for us. It is our lazy nature, our ability to enjoy time spent dancing, singing, or simply that time we spend on our comfortable couch, eating ice cream. Food, diplomacy and tact seem to be its primal concerns. If you want to find the planet in charge of your marriage or finding the love of your life, you will observe Venus. While many astrologers might agree that badly damaged Venus isn’t able to ever find the ability to believe it deserves to be loved, just like other personal planets problems of Venus can be worked on and fixed to some level. Choose your favorite perfume, your favorite flower, and buy a gift for someone you love and don’t expect anything in return. Turn to art and fashion in their most inspired form or at least leave some time for hedonistic pleasures every day. Work on your flexibility, both in the physical and interpersonal realm, and realize that there is nothing stopping you in your search for love, satisfaction, beauty, desire, and artistic expression in any possible form. While you’re at it – dance and sing, every day, and the world will gain colors you never knew existed.VENUS
Astrology Quick Facts:
Glyph: Traits: Love & Beauty Named for: The Roman Goddess of Love and Beauty/Greek Goddess Aphrodite Sign of Dignity: Libra & Taurus Sign of Detriment: Aries Sign of Exaltation: Pisces Sign of Fall: Virgo Physical Body: Neck, kidneys, thymus gland, lips, chin, cheeks, palate, eustachian tubes Changes Sign: Every 4-5 weeksAstronomy Quick Facts:
Type: Terrestrial
Length of Day: 243 Earth days
Length of Year: 225 Earth days
Moons: 0
Temperature: Average of ~465°C (900°F)
Colour: Reddish-brown
Size: 12,104 km in diameter (1.1x smaller than Earth)
Spins: Clockwise
Rings: 0 Year Discovered: Known to the Ancients, ~1600 BCE
About Venus
Bringing a healthy dose of femininity to the solar system is hot-headed Venus! Although she’s second closest to the Sun, Venus plays second to none; her thick, cloudy atmosphere traps the Sun’s heat and makes her the hottest planet in the solar system. That said, some evidence suggests that before she hit 2 billion years old, Venus may have hosted a shallow ocean of liquid water! You’ll also find mountains and volcanoes on Venus.
If you’ve ever had a particularly long day, don’t complain to Venus, whose days are actually longer than her years. This is possible because she spins clockwise on her axis, the opposite direction of the rest of the planets (with the exception being Uranus). Still, she remains the biggest and brightest fixture in the night sky (after the Sun and Moon of course); her bright light has captivated us Earth-dwellers for centuries.
Venus has had a pull on humans for as long as we’ve been stargazing. It’s no surprise that she’s known today as the planet of love, beauty, and pleasure, named for the Roman Goddess of Love and Beauty by the same name. Depending on Venus’ placement at any given time, we on Earth will feel her influence in our relationships, our attraction to others, our own feelings of desirability, how we express our affections, and our responses to the arts and all that is beautiful in the world.
In the natal natal chart, Venus determines how an individual feels and expresses love, the types of people with whom we have natural harmony, and the health of the self-esteem. “Venus is sensuality, the capacity to enjoy gratification of the senses, and to indulge the body,” Judy Hall explains. This is the reason why Venus governs the things we spend our money on in pursuit of that sensory gratification. In other words, if you have expensive taste or problems with impulse control, you can probably look to the placement Venus in your birth chart for an explanation! Venus is famous in mythology for “stealing the wits of the wise,” allowing pleasure to take precedence over self-discipline.
enus in the Elements:
- Venus in Fire signs expresses love flirtatiously, impulsively, erotically, independently, and promiscuously.
- Venus in Earth signs expresses love affectionately, faithfully, analytically, and with control.
- Venus in Air signs expresses love romantically, intellectually, inconsistently, and cautiously.
- Venus in Water signs expresses love sensuously, romantically, possessively, and erratically.
Venus Venus is the Goddess of Love. In Astrology, Venus has dual rulership over Libra and Taurus. As a result, Venus represents two main areas of our life: love and money. “Love and money” is actually a simplistic interpretation of Venus. Venus rules our sentiments, what we value, and the pleasure we take in life. Grace, charm, and beauty are all ruled by Venus. Through Venus, we learn about our tastes, pleasures, artistic inclinations, and what makes us happy.


Venus
The planet of love, beauty, and money

Venus in Astrology
Venus is the planet of love, relationships, beauty, and finances. It guides the way we think about love, how we feel about being in a partnership, how we act on our needs and desires, and the role money and people play in our lives. When Venus hooks up with the passion planet Mars, they’re called “Astrology’s Lovers” — they’re the two planets that combine to form our overall approach to love and relationships. Venus is the planet of our inner desires, while Mars is about how we act on those desires.Venus in Astrology
Venus is the planet of love, relationships, beauty, and finances. It guides the way we think about love, how we feel about being in a partnership, how we act on our needs and desires, and the role money and people play in our lives. When Venus hooks up with the passion planet Mars, they’re called “Astrology’s Lovers” — they’re the two planets that combine to form our overall approach to love and relationships. Venus is the planet of our inner desires, while Mars is about how we act on those desires. Venus is also known as the “lesser benefic” planet in Astrology, with Jupiter being the “greater benefic.” This means that Venus’ influence is one of the most positive of all the planets. In Roman mythology, Venus was the Goddess of Love, embodying beauty, seduction, sexuality, and the female powers of persuasion.Fast Venus Facts
Nickname: The Love Goddess Zodiac signs Venus rules: Taurus and Libra Exalted in: Pisces Houses Venus rules: 2nd House of Money and Self-Worth, and 7th House of Partnerships Venus stays in each zodiac sign for: 3 – 4 weeks Venus makes a complete trip through the zodiac: about every year to year and a half Venus retrogrades: once every year to year and a half, with each retrograde lasting around six weeksVenus and Taurus, Venus and Libra
Venus, as the goddess of love, is complex and rules two different signs: Taurus and Libra. These two signs, on a basic level, represent love and money. Venus rules attraction and attachment to others which are the focus of relationship-oriented Libra. Additionally, Venus rules Taurus, the sign of the zodiac focused on practical matters like money (while still ruling sensual aspects of life like art and beauty).Venus and the 2nd House, Venus and the 7th House
Venus is associated with the 2nd House of Resources and Money as well as the 7th House of Partnerships — both the romantic and work-related kind. This means that Venus is associated with self-worth, our relationship to possessions, and one-on-one connections.Venus’ Lessons
This content was written by tarot.com writer Jeff Jawer.
Venus was traditionally called the “lesser benefic,” a positive force, but on a smaller scale than lucky Jupiter, the greater benefic. Still, she puts smiles on faces and represents pleasure and contentment — like planetary dopamine for the brain. Venus rules earthy Taurus and airy Libra as sources of sensual delights and social satisfaction. Bringing Venus into our lives makes us happy. She is the sweet smell of a rose, the taste of your favorite food, the sound of heart-stirring music, a soft touch of fabric, and the joy of seeing a beautiful image. Venus delights all the senses, and she is the queen of style. She is also a charmer, graceful in action, a skillful peacemaker, and a loving partner. Venus attracts money and appreciation, and she teaches us to see the best in ourselves. There are many ways to cultivate the appealing qualities of Venus. The most important of them all is to be kind to ourselves. This is especially important when we aren’t at our best. Loving the least desirable parts of our personalities seems counterintuitive, as if we’re encouraging bad behavior. When we’re angry, impatient, clumsy, or even cruel, it’s natural for a responsible person to criticize these kinds of behavior. And yet, these shortcomings are connected to our wounds and cannot be healed with harsh judgment. Healing comes with love that is rooted in tolerance. This doesn’t mean we approve of or want to continue negative actions, but when we pile on condemnation by putting ourselves down, the habit may be hidden — but it is not eliminated. Love is inclusive, so when the “bad” parts of ourselves are embraced with compassion, they become integrated with the best of ourselves and are eventually healed. This is Venus as acceptance, the ground zero of self-worth upon which to build a happy life. This is not to suggest that we should approve of our bad behavior, but that we need to remind ourselves that seeing it without harsh judgment is an effective step toward reducing its influence in our lives. Learning to receive is another aspect of Venus. Many of us have desires that aren’t fulfilled because we have some resistance to getting what we want. For some, receiving means being beholden to another, as if every gift becomes a debt we must repay. We can feel like we owe others, and are taking something away from them or giving up our independence to get what we need. One way to counter this is to recognize the many moments when you are receiving without any obligation to reciprocate. When a baby’s smile or a beautiful sunset warms you, take it in. Enjoy these pleasures that are freely given with nothing expected in return. Notice when you feel comfortable in a chair and luxuriate in the simplicity of a stress-free moment. These are gifts of Venus that fill the heart without any cost. If you want to make the world a happier place, make yourself happy. Receiving without guilt doesn’t lead to overindulgence; it leads to fulfillment and a sense of peace that will bring joy, love, and harmony to your environment. Appreciating life’s blessings is a reminder to appreciate yourself, which in turn makes you more attractive to others. Venus is the sweet resonance of harmony that reminds you that you are loved and your presence is a welcome gift to others.Venus’ cycle is variable. She takes approximately 225 days to travel through the Zodiac. She is bigger than Mercury, and viewed from the Earth, her average daily motion is also of one degree, similar to that of the Sun and Mercury. Venus never moves further than 48 degrees away from the Sun, slightly more than Mercury. Air is her element. Her nature is moist. She rules Taurus and Libra, and she is in exaltation in Pisces. She is in analogy with the kidneys, the nervous system, the bladder and the neck. She represents artists, traders, and all occupations related to beauty and seduction. Her age covers the period from 18 to 25 years, approximately. Temperament: sanguine and phlegmatic Characterology: emotive, non-active, primary, or emotive, non-active, secondary. Venus is associated with love, beauty, well-being and gentleness. She describes one’s romantic life, affections, leisure, and the way one behaves with one’s love partners. Venus softens, beautifies and creates pleasant situations at the place where she is posited. When Venus is a dominant planet, the chart’s owner is gentle, accommodating, seducing, charming, rather handsome, conscious of his external appearance. He is sometimes endowed with artistic talents (decoration, fashion, painting, music, dance etc.). Like the Moon, Venus is a feminine planet, but she is more sensual and more attracted to pleasures life has to offer. A negative Venus may turn the individual into a greedy, lazy, materialistic, overly sensual and hypocritical person. In a man’s chart, Venus symbolizes the mistress and the type of woman who physically attracts him, and with whom he wishes to have short-lived love affairs. The age of Venus starts with the arousal of feelings, when one starts to get interested in the opposite sex, and to pay attention to one’s physical appearance. To illustrate this chapter about Venus, you will find on Astrotheme thousands of celebrities horoscopes who have Venus dominant. You can also be interested to see thousands of celebrities horoscopes having Venus in the 12 zodiacal signs or the Venus in the 12 astrological houses.
Lovely lady! Known as Earth’s “sister planet” due to their similar size, Venus is the only planet in the solar system named after a female goddess. Like the moon, Venus represents many of the classically feminine traits.
Glowing, gorgeous Venus is the brightest planet in the night sky. Only the moon (not a planet per se) shines brighter, in fact. Along with rosy Jupiter, she is one of the “great benefics”: a planet that astrologically speaking, bring a primarily positive affect. In Roman mythology, she is the goddess of love, sex, beauty, pleasure, and what—and who—we treasure. Although Venus orbits the Sun in 225 days, she spins very slowly on her axis. One day on Venus is longer an entire YEAR on Earth! Venus hangs in a sign for three to five weeks on average. Every 18 months, however, she will turn retrograde and can linger in a single zodiac sign (or pivot between a pair of them) for up to four months. Venus—and her cosmic copilot Mars—are the lovebirds of the solar system. Real talk: This planet knows how to luxuuuuuuriate. She governs our senses and refines our sensibilities, reminding us to pause and deeply inhale those roses. Your Venus sign in your chart reveals your dating style, how you like to be romanced and what will visually attract you. To find out your Venus sign, run a free chart here: www.astrostyle.com/free-chart.While the moon governs our emotional security, Venus is more about the wining and dining.For women, Venus shows what traits you want to be appreciated for in relationships. If women are your dating preference, your Venus sign gives clues about the type of lady who could win your heart (or at least your lust). Venus’ position in your chart reveals your divine feminine energy, a trait every human carries, no matter your physical gender. If you were born with Venus in assertive Aries you may be a warrior woman, delighting with your daring moves and radiant heat. Venus in future-forward Aquarius may be more of an “Athena” archetype wooing with a keen, strategic and logical mind. Every planet has rulership over a zodiac sign, and in Venus’ case, there are two: sensual Taurus and harmonious Libra. Through earthy, grounded Taurus, Venus expresses her yin, or feminine, qualities. Said another way, this is the aspect of Venus that rules our receptivity. What do we need in order to feel happy, fulfilled and loved? While the moon governs our emotional security, Venus is more about the wining and dining. People born with Venus in sensitive Pisces could swoon for poetic words, candlelight dinners and custom curated playlists. Someone with Venus in structured Capricorn would be far more practical, preferring a provider type who brings home the bacon and loads up the household savings account with cash. Through the Libra aspect, Venus reveals her more yang, or masculine, moves. This is the outward expression of Venus: our fashion sense, material urges (and splurges), aesthetic preferences, and how we romance the ones we adore. Venus in Taurus people may prefer practical luxury, saving up for pricey, yet well made, items from classic brands. They may be slower, but steadier, in their seduction approach, preferring to let relationships build organically. Affection and physical touch will be important here. Those born with Venus in chatty Gemini, on the other hand, can burn through paychecks chasing the latest trends. Variety is their favorite spice; dating apps were designed just for them! If you’re hosting a party or decorating your home, look to Venus for cues. The food, music and colors we prefer can all fall under this planet’s domain. Like meticulous Mercury, Venus also governs the ways we socialize and how we share our possessions. But while Mercury never minds a debate, pleasant and peace-seeking Venus wants harmony. Can’t we all just get along? Venus says: yes, please!

Planetary Stats: Venus
- Changes Zodiac Signs: Every 3-5 weeks
- Zodiac Sign It Rules: Taurus & Libra
- Day of the Week: Friday
Venus governs:
- Love
- Beauty
- Fashion & Aesthetics
- Dating & Romance
- Creativity
- Divine feminine energy

Special positions of Venus:
Domicile: Taurus & Libra The planet’s home base, an easy flow if placed here in the chart. Detriment: Scorpio & Aries Opposite sign of home base, may need to work harder to integrate the planet’s energy if placed here in the chart. Exalted: Pisces The planet’s most powerful position, indicates ease and added fortune with using the planet’s energy if placed here in the chart. Fall: Virgo Opposite sign to the exalted position, can indicate struggles with utilizing the planet’s energy if placed here in the chart.Venus – the planet of luxuries and love!
Venus in Astrology & Mercury Sign Meaning
In astrology, Venus is the planet of love, joy, and attraction. It speaks to your ability to express love and to appreciate beauty. This also happens to include your ability to attract and welcome the world, regardless of whether they are emotional, material, mental, or spiritual. It characterizes the people that you attract to yourself, in view of your social qualities. The planet Venus rules your relationships, your expressions of the human experience, the things you wear and decorate yourself with, your warmth, your social graces, your sense of agreeability. The zodiac sign of the planet Venus in your natal chart gives you critical data about how you are in personal relationships, particularly when it comes to love and marriage. It likewise demonstrates your disposition toward material things, individual belonging, common luxuries, and your social qualities.
Learn more about Venus in Astrology and your Venus Sign
Venus
(to harmonise)
The Planet Of Pleasure And Luxury
- liking (enjoy, link)
- evaluation
- attraction
- joining together
Venus – What do you like? What do you find attractive?
Venus was the independent goddess of love in Classical mythology. In Western psychological astrology, the planet rules the female half of the human psyche and the receptive side social interaction. Its qualities are soft, loving, artistic, cooperative, creative and sensitive. Venus is important when considering social interactions such as partnerships and relationships. This social planet represents the principle of uniting, attraction, art & beauty, harmony, and passions, In its negative mode, the planet represents jealousy, envy and self indulgence. Retrograde: quiet and reserved; preferring one-on-one interaction.Venus | ![]() |
I harmonise | Mark as different, to value | I love I harmonise I join I create (beauty, art) I want | I maintain harmony | Positive: fairly Negative: greedily | Planet of Pleasure and Luxury |
Venus | ![]() |
I harmonise | aesthetic tastes, feelings, female values, higher emotions and artistic sensibility social attitudes and behaviour, love | amusement, art, beauty, boudoirs, brass, confectionery, dance, desire, dimples, doves, emeralds, entertainment, fashion, femininity, flowers, grapes, humour, immorality, intimacy, justice, lingerie, love, marriage, marriage, money, music, partnership, partnerships, pleasure Adornment, relationships,social interactions ,romance, relaxation, sexual intercourse, social centres, societies, style, women |
Venus(Love, affection) |
Love and art, physical attraction, feeling, harmony and beauty, girl, sweetheart, mistress. Grace Astrological Pisces Numerological #6 | Possessions, values, harmony, comfort | ![]() |
Venus is the second planet from the sun and requires 243 days for her journey. She is never more than 48 degrees from the Sun, but Venus does have the ability to rise above the horizon for viewing. As a beautiful object in the night sky, Venus has become known as the Goddess of Love and Beauty. It is interesting to note that Venus *(beauty) travels between us and Mercury *(mind)! Venus itself is invisible when it is closest to us, and the clouds that surround her are made up of sulphuric acid – even though the surface of the planet is believed to be smooth. Positive tendencies: Love, popularity, tact, diplomacy, comfort, fulfillment. Negative tendencies: Lazy, vain. |
The Story of Venus
Venus is the Roman name given to Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sexual ecstacy. She was born as a result of a battle between Uranus, Father Sky, and his son, Cronos.

Venus in Astrology
In the astrological scheme of things, Venus is the Goddess of love. She is associated with beauty and art and romantic, sensuous love.

Venus in the Sky

Venus spends almost four weeks in each sign
Slightly smaller than Earth and orbiting just inside of Earth’s orbit, the length of Venus’s year is closest of all the planets to the Earth year, at 225 days. Venus’s day is actually longer than it’s year, at 243 days for one full revolution of the planet. It turns backwards, too…compared to the other planets, at any rate.VENUS
Keywords: Love, Desire, Relationships, Beauty, Harmony, Fertility Goddess: Venus (Roman), Aphrodite (Greek) Tarot: The Empress Palmistry: Mount of Venus, Girdle of Venus Symbolism: Shell, Myrtle, Rose, Swan, Girdle Probably among the most famous of Greek and Roman Goddesses is Venus/Aphrodite, the Goddess of love. Almost everyone in the Western world knows that she represents romance and relationships. Lucky for us diviners, the Venus correspondences are the same right across the board. In all forms of divination anything associated with Venus represents love, fertility, harmony, desire and relationships. Sometimes, Venus also symbolises sexuality. In Palmistry, the Mount of Venus is the fleshy area on the palm below the thumb. The Mount of Venus reflects how well you express emotions and your willingness to give affection to others. Obviously, a large mount will be found on someone with a strong sex drive and a flat mount can be found on someone who is somewhat sexually disinterested. Also in palmistry, there is a ‘minor’ line which goes long the top third of the palm known as the Girdle of Venus. Not everyone has this line and it not generally a desirable feature to have on your palms; it is found on someone who is hypersexual and promiscuous. In Tarot, Venus appears as The Empress. In the guise of The Empress, Venus’ focus is more so on harmony and fertility in Tarot. The Empress usually predicts pregnancy and children. She is also a card of nature and things working in balance. In mythology, symbols of Venus are the shell, myrtle, rose, and girdle; common love and female sexuality symbols. To dream of one of these symbols, or to see them in a tea cup or crystal ball reading, usually predicts the start of a new relationship, the progression of a current one or the birth of a child.Venus
In Astrology, Venus and the Venus sign is the love planet. The planet of love, true love, pleasure, and beauty, whereas Mars would represent desires and passion. Venus rules your capacity to express affection and to enjoy the beauty. Venus also rules moneyand how we spend it. The sign of Venus gives essential information about how you show yourself in personal relationships and your romantic life, especially in love and marriage. It is an indicator of how you ‘turn on’ romantically and the style and method in which you flirt or go about “winning” someone that you like It also indicates your attitude toward money, personal possessions, creature comforts, and social and aesthetic values. Venus rules over 2 signs. Sensual Taurus and harmonious Libra. Through earthy, grounded Taurus, Venus expresses her yin, feminine qualities. This aspect of Venus rules our receptivity. What do we need (not necessarily what we DO – that would be Moon) to feel happy, fulfilled and loved?Venus Planet Summary
- Planet: Venus
- House Ruler: 2nd & 7th Houses
- Ruler of: Taurus & Libra
- Detriment: Scorpio & Aries
- Exalted: Pisces
- Fall: Virgo
- Polarity: Yin / Yang
- Light Traits: Affection
- Shadow Traits: Pliancy
- Keyword: I LOVE
- Symbol:

Venus Sign Meaning
Venus is Libra reveals her more yang, or masculine, moves. This is the outward expression of Venus: our fashion sense, material urges (and splurges), aesthetic preferences, and how we romance the ones we adore. Venus in Taurus people may prefer practical luxury, saving up for pricey, yet well made, items from classic brands. They may be slower, but steadier, in their seduction approach, preferring to let relationships build organically. The position of Venus also shows a person’s perception of relationship and affection. Or, the qualities and expressions of affection that someone may be most receptive to, or comfortable with.